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Schooling as a System of Power

AAPI PERSPECTIVES THEME: Systems and Power

GRADE LEVEL: 9

SUBJECT: Ethnic Studies

INTENDED UNIT: Intro to Ethnic Studies

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:: How do different systems of power intersect to deconstruct or strengthen other systems?

CENTRAL QUESTIONS/BIG IDEAS:

  • How does schooling perpetuate oppression and what would it look like if schooling was liberatory?

  • How have different communities been harmed by the system of American schooling throughout history?


CONTENT OBJECTIVE:

Knowledge: Students will be able to explain many examples of America’s calculated colonial conquest of marginalized communities using schooling as a mechanism and how these tactics impacted these communities.

Skills: Reading comprehension, summarizing, critical analysis, recognizing trends and patterns across different historical periods and different communities.

Habits: Students will practice questioning their schooling experiences and begin to see themselves as agents of change in their school communities.


GRADE LEVEL/SUBJECT AREA STANDARDS:

9 (ethnic studies)

  • Chronological and Spatial Thinking - 1. Students compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned

CA ELD STANDARDS:

  • Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop over the course of the text. (RH 9-10.2)

  • Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them. (RH 9-10.3)


IEP/504 ACCOMMODATIONS:

  • All lesson plans will be accommodated with a transcript (for video clips), student facing worksheets, and visual slides ready to be shared and accessed.

  • Feel free to accommodate extra time for any formative assignments and provide scaffolds as needed for differing age groups/needs.


INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

  1. Slides (link)

  2. Spoken word poem - “Somewhere in America” (link); poem transcript (link)

  3. Ben Menor AAPI Perspectives Oral History (4:50 >> 6:30)

  4. Education of Black Americans in the early 1900s (link)

  5. American Schooling in the Philippines (pdf, link)

  6. Education of Mexican Americans in the 1900s (link, pdf)

  7. Native American Boarding Schools (link, pdf)

  8. LGBTQ+ Education Today (link, pdf)

  9. Extension Activity

    a. Vickie Taketa 2 (33:16 >> 38:47)


LESSON IMPLEMENTATION SEQUENCE:

This is best implemented over the course of 3 class sessions - one day to introduce the topic, one day for students to work on their jigsaw presentations, one day for students to present and reflect as a class.


Step 1: Warmup

Duration: 15 minutes


Implementation:

Students discuss the prompt: In your opinion, what are some qualities of an ideal school?

To probe students, you can provide further questions for brainstorm:

  • How should students be treated in school?

  • What is the relationship between school and students’ culture?

  • What should be done to make students feel welcome?

  • How can schools work toward justice?

This can be done in small groups, a whole class discussion, or an independent journal writing before sharing out to the class.


Resources/Materials:

  • Slides 1-4 (intro slides, skip if appropriate)

  • Slide 5


Assessment: Class discussion

Step 2: Spoken word poetry analysis

Duration: 30 minutes

Purpose: Provide a broad overview of problems in school from a contemporary youth’s perspective. With such a wide range of experiences described in the poem, students will be able to easily relate to the poem and gain investment in the lesson.


Implementation:

Spoken word poetry

  • Introduce the poem “Somewhere in America” and the context of the poem (slide 7)

  • Play the video of the poem for students. Tell students not to annotate upon the first listen, but just to appreciate the poem and focus on being present, as they will have time to annotate later.

  • Give students about 10 minutes to silently re-read the transcript and annotate the poem.

  • Students will share their annotations in partners, small groups, or with the class.


Resources/Materials:

  • Poem transcript

  • Slides 6-9


Assessment: N/A

Step 3: Learn about Ben Menor’s Experience in school (Next Day)

Duration: 15 minutes


Implementation:

  • Students will watch Ben Menor’s interview (4:50 >> 6:30)

  • Prompt students to think about, write, and/or discuss the following questions:

    • How did this impact Ben Menor and his family?

    • What groups or systems of power are being upheld by the school’s actions?


Resources/Materials:

  • Slides 9-10

  • Ben Menor’s interview


Assessment: N/A

Jigsaw group work (expert group):

Duration: 35 minutes


Implementation:

  • Students will be given a different article about the history of American schooling

  • Each student will create a presentation, and can collaborate with other students who have the same topic (expert group)

  • The next day, students will be presenting to a group of about 5 other students (each student will present about a different topic)

  • Each presentation should include:

    • What group/demographic is being impacted in your article?

    • How are students being treated (verbally, physically, emotionally, etc.)? How did this impact them?


Resources/Materials:

  • Slides 11-14

  • Education of Black Americans in the early 1900s

  • American Schooling in the Philippines

  • Education of Mexican Americans in the 1900s

  • Native American Boarding Schools

  • LGBTQ+ Education Today


Assessment: N/A

Step 5: Students share their presentations with study groups (Next Day):

Duration: 30 minutes


Implementation:

Form new groups so that students are mixed up in a way that everyone in the group has a different topic. Students will present their topics to each other.


Resources/Materials: Slide 15


Assessment: N/A

Step 6: Class Discussion:

Duration: 20 minutes


Implementation:

  • What similarities and/or differences did you notice across the schooling experiences of the different groups?

  • How did schooling create/perpetuate conditions of oppression for various communities?

  • What systems of power (heterosexism, English dominance, white supremacy, etc.) are being upheld in these examples of schooling and how?

  • What would a liberatory schooling experience look like?


Resources/Materials: Slides 16-17


Assessment: N/A

Possible Extension:

Show clips of the Vickie Taketa interview and discuss questions about gendered and racialized treatment at home and at school.


Resources/Materials:

  • Slides 18-20

  • Vickie Taketa Oral History 2


NOTES ON HOW THIS MAY BE INTEGRATED IN INTENDED UNIT

This would fit well with other lessons discussing the history of ethnic studies because it contextualizes the problems of American schooling and introduces ethnic studies as an attempt to remedy some of the issues presented in this lesson.